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The main objectives of the project are to:
The approach is to conduct a series of laboratory-controlled exposure experiments using laboratory-spiked and field-collected marine sediments with varying levels of PFAS mixture complexity. The following tasks are planned to directly address the overĀarching objectives and to test the following hypotheses:
A series of experiments will be completed in which benthic organisms are exposed to sediment containing a series of PFAS that are prevalent at AFFF-impacted sites, including a range of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). For experiments with field-collected sediments, a broader analysis will be completed using both targeted and suspect screening mass spectrometry as well as total oxidizable precursor assay to detect a wide range of AFFF-associated PFAS and achieve a more comprehensive understanding of exposure to environmentally-relevant PFAS mixtures.
At the completion of this project, critical baseline data will be provided on benthic PFAS exposure routes and species-specific uptake, bioaccumulation, and elimination that are relevant to AFFF-impacted coastal sites. Also, key data will be provided to inform ecological risk assessment and coastal ecosystem management for sites with AFFF-impacted sediment, including bioaccumulation factors, uptake rates, elimination rates, biomagnification factors, and relative potency factors for major groups of benthos. Additionally, the project team will have developed standard operating procedures and best practice guidelines for novel approaches to rapidly quantify bioavailable PFAS in marine sediments by applying advanced ex situ passive sediment sampling technologies, and to determine the relative potency of structurally-diverse PFAS by applying high-throughput larval microplate assays. Knowledge gained from this study will enable a better understanding of which PFAS dominate tissue concentrations and drive ecological risk for benthic marine species, and how the bioavailability of these PFAS varies with sediment characteristics. (Anticipated Project Completion - 2027)